Kidney Disease in Dogs: What Every Pet Parent Should Know

Kidney disease in dogs can have a serious impact on your pup’s overall health. These vital organs filter waste, regulate hydration, and help control blood pressure—so when they start to fail, the effects are widespread. Whether your dog has been diagnosed or you’re looking to stay proactive, this guide covers the causes, symptoms, treatments, and how to support a longer, healthier life.

What Is Kidney Disease in Dogs?

Kidney disease, also known as renal disease, occurs when a dog’s kidneys are no longer functioning properly. This means they’re less effective at filtering waste from the blood and balancing fluids and electrolytes.

There are two main types:

• Acute kidney disease – Sudden onset, often caused by poisoning, infection, or trauma. It can be reversible with fast treatment.
• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) – A slow, progressive loss of kidney function over time. This is more common in older dogs and typically requires long-term management.

What Causes Kidney Disease in Dogs?

Several things can cause or contribute to kidney disease in dogs:

• Aging – Just like humans, dogs’ organs wear down with age. CKD is especially common in senior dogs.
• Infections – Bacterial infections like leptospirosis or kidney-specific infections can cause damage.
• Toxins – Ingesting substances like antifreeze, grapes/raisins, certain medications, or contaminated food can lead to acute kidney failure.
• Genetics – Some breeds are predisposed to congenital kidney issues.
• Dental disease – Believe it or not, untreated gum infections can lead to bacteria entering the bloodstream and affecting the kidneys.
• Cancer – Tumors or metastatic cancer can affect kidney function.

The tricky part? Kidney disease can often develop silently, especially chronic forms, until a lot of damage has already occurred. That’s why early detection is so important.

Breeds More Prone to Kidney Disease

While any dog can develop kidney problems, some breeds are genetically more susceptible:

• Shih Tzus
• Cocker Spaniels
• Bull Terriers
• Lhasa Apsos
• Samoyeds
• Shar-Peis
• Cairn Terriers
• Doberman Pinschers
• Boxers
• Miniature Schnauzers

If your dog is on this list, it’s a good idea to talk to your vet about regular kidney screenings, especially as they age.

Signs and Symptoms of Kidney Disease in Dogs

One of the first signs that something might be wrong is a change in your dog’s drinking or urination habits. But the symptoms can vary depending on how advanced the disease is.

Here’s what to look out for:

• Increased thirst and urination
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Nausea or vomiting
• Lethargy or depression
• Bad breath (sometimes with a chemical smell)
• Mouth ulcers
• Pale gums
• Dehydration
• High blood pressure
• Blood in the urine

If you notice any of these, especially more than one, it’s time for a vet visit. The earlier you catch kidney issues, the better your dog’s chances of successful treatment or management.

How Is Kidney Disease Diagnosed?

Your vet will likely perform a combination of the following:

• Blood tests – To check kidney function markers like BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine.
• Urine tests – To look for abnormalities in concentration, protein, or infection.
• Imaging – Ultrasounds or X-rays can assess the kidneys’ size, shape, and structure.

In some cases, a biopsy may be needed to determine the cause of the disease, especially if congenital or autoimmune disease is suspected.

Treatment Options for Kidney Disease in Dogs

Treatment depends on the cause and how advanced the disease is, but here are the most common approaches:

For Acute Kidney Disease:

• IV fluids to flush toxins and support hydration
• Hospitalization and intensive care if poisoning is involved
• Medications to manage pain, infection, or blood pressure

Acute cases can sometimes be reversed if caught early, so time is of the essence.

For Chronic Kidney Disease:

• Special prescription diet – Low-protein, low-phosphorus foods help reduce the strain on kidneys.
• Hydration support – This might mean encouraging more water, adding broth to food, or giving subcutaneous fluids at home.
• Medications – To control blood pressure, nausea, or other symptoms.
• Phosphate binders and supplements – Help manage chemical imbalances caused by kidney dysfunction.
• Regular blood work and checkups – To monitor disease progression and adjust treatment as needed.

While chronic kidney disease isn’t curable, many dogs can live happy, quality lives with proper management.

Nutrition and Lifestyle Tips for Dogs with Kidney Disease

• Stick to the vet-recommended diet – it really does make a difference.
• Avoid high-protein treats like jerky, pig ears, or rawhide.
• Encourage hydration by offering multiple water bowls, wet food, or ice cubes.
• Minimize stress – a calm, predictable routine helps dogs feel safe and stable.
• Brush those teeth! Oral health is key to protecting kidney health in the long run.

And of course, follow your vet’s instructions closely—no skipping meds or visits.

Prevention and Proactive Care

You can’t always prevent kidney disease, but here are some smart steps to reduce the risk:

• Keep toxic foods and chemicals out of reach (grapes, onions, antifreeze, meds).
• Stay on top of dental care.
• Vaccinate against leptospirosis if your dog is at risk.
• Maintain regular checkups – early detection is key.
• Ask your vet for senior screening panels starting around age 7 or earlier for at-risk breeds.

Kidney Disease Doesn’t Have to Be a Life Sentence

Hearing your dog has kidney disease can be scary—but with today’s advances in veterinary medicine, many dogs live for months or even years after diagnosis with the right care. The key is working closely with your vet, staying informed, and being proactive about treatment and lifestyle adjustments.

Help Protect Your Dog’s Health – and Your Budget!

Kidney disease can lead to repeat vet visits, blood work, prescription diets, and even emergency care – costs that can really add up. That’s why pet insurance can be a game-changer. It helps cover unexpected medical expenses and gives you the freedom to choose the best care for your pup without financial stress.

Explore top-rated pet insurance plans today, and make sure your furry friend is protected—now and for whatever comes next.

References:

1. https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/kidney-failure-chronic-in-dogs
2. https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/dog-kidney-disease/
3. https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/urinary/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd-dogs
4. https://www.bluecross.org.uk/advice/dog/health-and-injuries/kidney-failure-and-disease-in-dogs

The information contained on this blog is intended for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. It is not a substitute for professional veterinary care. Always consult with your veterinarian before making any changes to your pet's health care or treatment plan.

The authors of this blog are not veterinarians and do not claim to be experts in pet health. The information provided here is based on our own experiences and research, as well as information from reputable sources. However, we cannot guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this information.

We encourage you to do your own research and consult with your veterinarian before making any decisions about your pet's health.